Due to land subsidence induced by groundwater extraction, earth fissures are a recurrent problem in Arizona 4. Earth fissures can be greater than 3 m in width and expand to 10 m or more 1. Surface cracks open slowly over time however, fissures tend to open markedly faster after major rainfall due to soil erosion outside and within the cracks. Some of these fissures may be hidden under the surface, while others may become visible on the surface 1, 2, 3. Earth fissure develops as fragile subsurface crack. Such findings can assist land management planners, local authorities, and decision-makers in managing the present and future earth fissures to protect society and the ecosystem and implement suitable protection measures.Įarth fissure is a ground surface rupture phenomenon caused by stress deformation that often occurs in dry and semi-dry basins. The obtained results revealed that the RF algorithm, with an overall accuracy of 95.65% and AUROC, 0.99 showed excellent performance for generating hazard maps, followed by XGBoost, with an overall accuracy of 92.39% and AUROC of 0.98, the NB model, with overall accuracy, 88.43% and AUROC, 0.96, and KNN model with general accuracy, 80.43% and AUROC, 0.88), respectively. The outputs of the models were compared and analyzed using statistical indices such as the confusion matrix, overall accuracy, and area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) curve. Using Qa’ Jahran Basin in Yemen as a case study area, 152 fissure locations were recorded via a field survey for the creation of an earth fissure inventory and 11 earth fissure conditioning factors, comprising of topographical, hydrological, geological, and environmental factors, were obtained from various data sources. In this study, we assess earth fissure hazard susceptibility mapping through four advanced machine learning algorithms, namely random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), Naïve Bayes (NB), and K-nearest neighbor (KNN). Owing to the complexity of the causes of earth fissures, the prediction of earth fissures remains a challenging task. Earth fissures are potential hazards that often cause severe damage and affect infrastructure, the environment, and socio-economic development.

Drawing well drawdown maps